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10 marks 150 words Examine
“India’s growth story risks becoming jobless growth.” Examine the causes and suggest measures for employment-intensive, inclusive growth.

Decoding the directive: “Examine”

Compact examination — establish whether the “jobless growth” claim holds, then remedies.

What UPSC is really asking

Explain jobless growth (output rising faster than employment), causes (capital-intensive sectors, skill mismatch, informal economy, jobless services growth), and measures (MSME support, skilling, labour-intensive manufacturing).

Dimensions the examiner expects

Cover these dimensions
  • Concept — growth without proportional job creation
  • Causes — capital intensity, skill mismatch, weak manufacturing
  • Evidence — labour-force participation, informality
  • Measures — PLI, skilling, MSME, labour-intensive sectors

Concepts & keywords to name

Use the right vocabulary
  • Jobless growth — GDP up, employment elasticity low
  • Demographic dividend — window that needs jobs to pay off
  • PLI schemes — manufacturing and employment push
  • Skill India / informal economy challenge

Common mistakes to avoid

Don’t do this
  • No data on employment/participation
  • Only diagnosing, no measures
  • Ignoring the demographic-dividend framing

Quick hints before you write

Structuring tips
  • Tie the answer to the demographic dividend for urgency.
  • Name at least one scheme in the remedies.

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